[영어교육론] Ch7. Teaching Listening 기출 핵심 개념 퀴즈 26문제

중등 임용 영어 | Ch.7 Teaching Listening OX 26문항 전체 해설

임용고시 대비 Teaching Listening OX 26문항의 정답과 자세한 해설입니다. 개념 구분이 헷갈리는 문항 위주로 함정 포인트까지 정리했습니다.

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Q1. Paused Listening Tasks & Schemata ✅ 정답: O

문항: Paused listening tasks divide a recording into segments with regular pauses, during which students write down what they believe the topic is. This technique activates content schemata and is considered a form of scaffolding that enhances metacognitive awareness.

✅ 정답입니다.

"Paused listening tasks: An effective technique that shows the presence of relevant schematic knowledge facilitates comprehension. Pausing can be interpreted as a kind of scaffolding that enhances Ss' metacognitive awareness."

Paused listening tasks는 녹음을 여러 구간으로 나눠 각 pause마다 학생이 주제를 적는 기법이다. content schemata(세상·주제 지식)를 활성화하고, metacognitive awareness를 높이는 scaffolding의 일종이다.

Content schemata	world/topic knowledge · 내용 배경지식
Formal schemata	rhetorical/discourse structure · 형식 지식

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Q2. Roughly-tuned vs Finely-tuned ❌ 정답: X

문항: Finely-tuned input is closer to the natural usage of language and only approximately adjusted to learner proficiency, while roughly-tuned input is carefully controlled to include only previously covered structures and vocabulary.

❌ 오답입니다. — 두 정의가 뒤바뀌어 있습니다.

"Roughly-tuned input: Input that is only accustomed at approximate level of Ss' proficiency. This is closer to natural usage of language. / Finely-tuned input: Input that is more carefully controlled to only include the structures and vocabulary that Ss have covered."

• Roughly-tuned input ≈ natural usage · 대략적 조정
• Finely-tuned input = carefully controlled · 세밀하게 통제

⚠️ 함정: "Finely(세밀하게)"라는 단어 때문에 "자연스러운 것"으로 오해하기 쉽다. Roughly = natural, Finely = controlled.

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Q3. Concocted Texts & Speech Rate ❌ 정답: X

문항: Unnaturally lowering speech rate is an effective way to make listening input accessible, as it maintains the natural features of spoken language while reducing difficulty.

❌ 오답입니다.

"Unnaturally lower speed of speech damages text authenticity. Putting pauses between phrases and sentences is better. / Concocted texts give false expectation about real-life listening experiences."

속도를 부자연스럽게 낮추면 text authenticity를 손상시킨다. clustering, reduced forms 등 구어 특성이 사라진다. 올바른 대안: pauses between phrases and sentences 삽입.

Concocted texts도 false expectation을 형성해 실생활 청취로의 transfer를 방해한다.

❌ Unnatural slow speed	authenticity 손상 · false expectation
✅ Pauses between phrases	authenticity 유지 · 이해도↑

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Q4. Authentic Materials — 3 Strategies ❌ 정답: X

문항: Grading the texts provides graduated listening activities that require learners to build up understanding little by little, starting with simpler tasks and progressing toward more demanding ones.

❌ 오답입니다. — Staging the listening에 대한 설명입니다.

"Grading the texts: T can collect a large enough sample of authentic speeches and sequence them from the text which is more accessible to lower-level Ls to what is more appropriate to advanced Ls. / Staging the listening: This provides graduated activities which require Ls to build up an understanding of the recording little by little."

• Simplifying tasks: task를 단순화 (입력 유지)
• Grading the texts: 텍스트 자체를 수준별로 배열 (lower → advanced)
• Staging the listening: 같은 텍스트에 활동을 점진적으로 구성

⚠️ 함정: "graduated activities + build up understanding" = Staging의 정의다. Grading = 텍스트 배열.

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Q5. Transactional vs Interactional ✅ 정답: O

문항: Interactional language function is person-oriented and promotes social relationships, with phatic communion (e.g. 'Nice day, isn't it?') as a typical example.

✅ 정답입니다.

"Interactional language function: A function of spoken texts whose objective is to promote social relationship between interlocutors; person-oriented. Phatic communion (e.g. Nice day, isn't it?)"

• Interactional function: person-oriented, 사회적 관계 유지, phatic communion
• Transactional function: message-oriented, 정보 전달, factual information

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Q6. Bottom-up Processing ❌ 정답: X

문항: In bottom-up processing, listeners actively reconstruct the speaker's meaning by drawing on prior knowledge of context and situation, relying on extralinguistic skills.

❌ 오답입니다. — Top-down processing에 대한 설명입니다.

"Bottom-up Processing: Listening is a process of decoding the sounds that one hears in a linear fashion. Moving from the parts to the whole. / Top-down Processing: Ls actively reconstruct the original meaning of the speaker using incoming sounds as clues. Ls use prior knowledge of the context and situation."

Bottom-up	parts → whole · linear · form 초점 · listening for details
Top-down	prior knowledge + context · reconstruct meaning · global strategies

⚠️ 고빈도 함정: 2022 A-8, 2024 A-8 연속 출제. "prior knowledge, extralinguistic skills" = Top-down의 키워드.

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Q7. Interactive Processing — Level Distribution ❌ 정답: X

문항: In a level-differentiated lesson using interactive processing, beginning learners should focus on top-down while advanced learners focus on bottom-up processing.

❌ 오답입니다. — level 배분이 반전되어 있습니다.

"Interactive Processing: Appropriate for level-differentiated lesson as beginners can focus on bottom-up processing and advanced Ls can focus on top-down processing."

• Beginners → bottom-up (음소·단어 해독 우선)
• Advanced Ls → top-down (배경지식·맥락 활용)

⚠️ 함정: "advanced = bottom-up" 반전 선지. 초급이 bottom-up, 고급이 top-down.

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Q8. Reactive vs Responsive Listening ❌ 정답: X

문항: Responsive listening is a technique where students simply listen to the surface structure of an utterance and repeat it back to the teacher.

❌ 오답입니다. — Reactive listening에 대한 설명입니다.

"Reactive Listening: Ss simply listen to the surface structure of an utterance to repeat it back to the T. / Responsive Listening: Ss listen to the T's short utterance and make appropriate response to them. T 'pushes' output from Ls."

Reactive	repeat back · surface structure
Responsive	appropriate response · T pushes output
Interactive	speaking 통합 · authentic give and take

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Q9. Selective vs Intensive Listening ❌ 정답: X

문항: Selective listening is similar to scanning, suits field-independent learners, and involves a shorter discourse than intensive listening.

❌ 오답입니다. — Selective는 longer discourse입니다.

"Selective Listening: Listening with a planned purpose in mind in order to gather specific information. Similar with scanning. Different from intensive listening as the discourse is longer."

• Selective listening: planned purpose, scanning 유사, field-independent, longer discourse
• Intensive listening: repeated replay, language analysis, shorter text

⚠️ 함정: "shorter"가 Intensive. Selective는 longer. 반전 선지로 자주 출제.

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Q10. Monitoring vs Evaluating ❌ 정답: X

문항: Monitoring is a post-listening strategy where learners check overall comprehension after the task, while evaluating occurs during listening to confirm predictions.

❌ 오답입니다. — 두 개념의 단계가 뒤바뀌어 있습니다.

"Monitoring: To notice what Ss do and do not understand and confirm predictions; This happens while-listening. / Evaluating: To check on how well they understood; usually done at the post-listening stage."

Predicting	pre-listening · schemata 활성화
Monitoring	while-listening · predictions 검증
Evaluating	post-listening · 이해도 점검

⚠️ 함정: 세 metacognitive strategies의 단계 순서가 핵심. Monitoring ≠ post-listening.

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Q11. Inferencing vs Scanning ❌ 정답: X

문항: Inferencing means picking out one or two pieces of specific information from a discourse without needing to understand every word.

❌ 오답입니다. — Scanning에 대한 설명입니다.

"Scanning: To figure out one or two pieces of specific information in a discourse without understanding every word. / Inferencing: Listening between the lines when information is incomplete; Ss go beyond the factual information, and analyze, interpret, and evaluate the meaning."

• Scanning: 1~2 specific info 추출, without every word
• Inferencing: between the lines, 불완전한 정보 → analyze / interpret / evaluate

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Q12. Signposting vs Generating Questions ❌ 정답: X

문항: In pre-listening, signposting questions are created by students after being given a title, while generating questions are pre-set by the teacher to guide students in the right direction.

❌ 오답입니다. — 두 개념이 뒤바뀌어 있습니다.

"Creating Ss' motivation: a) Signposting Qs: Provide these to guide Ss in the right direction, b) Generating Qs: Ss are given a title and they create as many Qs as possible."

Signposting Qs	T-provided · guide direction · preset
Generating Qs	S-created · title 제공 → S가 질문 생성

⚠️ 함정: Signposting = 교사, Generating = 학생. 반전 선지로 출제.

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Q13. Dictation vs Dictogloss ❌ 정답: X

문항: Dictation is a collaborative task where learners work together to reconstruct a text presented orally, utilizing both bottom-up and top-down strategies.

❌ 오답입니다. — Dictogloss에 대한 설명입니다.

"Dictation: an imitative writing activity... to generate an exact/accurate replica. It is unnatural and has no regard in meaning. / Dictogloss: A collaborative outcome task where Ls work together to produce language forms and reproduce content collaboratively by reconstructing a text."

Dictation	exact replica · imitative · no meaning
Dictogloss	collaborative · reconstruct · bottom-up + top-down

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Q14. Information Transfer ✅ 정답: O

문항: Information transfer requires learners to transform information from one mode to another — transferring aurally perceived information to a visual representation — which encourages deep processing.

✅ 정답입니다.

"Information Transfer: A technique which requires Ss to reinterpret and transform the information from one mode to another. Encourages deep processing of input by requiring Ss to transform the input in a way that promotes more mental effort."

Information transfer: aural → visual 변환. Mental effort 증가 → deep processing 촉진. Integrative activity의 한 유형.

Information transfer	aural → visual · deep processing · integrative
Dictogloss	aural → written reconstruction · collaborative

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Q15. Strategy Instruction by Learner Level ❌ 정답: X

문항: According to the principles for teaching listening, strategy instruction should begin with beginning learners to help them develop effective listening habits from the start.

❌ 오답입니다.

"To beginning Ls: Use a variety of tasks / Build on success / Do not teach strategies. / To intermediate Ls: Teach listening strategies / Balance listening as comprehension practice and listening for acquisition."

Beginners	variety of tasks · build on success · NO strategy instruction
Intermediate	teach listening strategies · balance comp. & acquisition
Advanced	teach culture · longer text structure

⚠️ 함정: Strategy instruction은 beginners가 아닌 intermediate부터. cf. threshold hypothesis.

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Q16. Extensive vs Intensive Listening ❌ 정답: X

문항: Extensive listening involves listening to short texts repeatedly in order to decode input for language analysis, and helps students develop bottom-up processing skills.

❌ 오답입니다. — Intensive listening에 대한 설명입니다.

"Extensive listening: Listening to a longer stretch of speech for several minutes at a time, usually with a long-term goal of appreciating the content; Ss develop top-down skills. / Intensive Listening: Listening to a text repeatedly to decode the input for language analysis or practice in specific listening strategies."

Extensive listening	longer stretch · general understanding · top-down
Intensive listening	repeated replay · language analysis · bottom-up

⚠️ 함정: Extensive = top-down, Intensive = bottom-up. 반전 선지로 자주 출제.

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Q17. Predicting Strategy ✅ 정답: O

문항: Predicting is a listening strategy in which learners talk about the content they are about to hear, which activates their schemata and facilitates comprehension.

✅ 정답입니다.

"Predicting: To talk about the content that Ss are about to hear; this activates Ss' schemata and facilitates their comprehension."

Predicting: pre-listening 단계의 핵심 전략. schemata 활성화 → comprehension 준비 → Monitoring(while-listening)으로 자연스럽게 연결.

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Q18. Gist vs Listening for Detail ❌ 정답: X

문항: Gist listening aims to find out several pieces of detailed information after intensively listening to a text, while listening for detail is only about understanding the topic.

❌ 오답입니다. — 두 개념이 뒤바뀌어 있습니다.

"Gist listening: To understand only a topic. / Listening for detail: To find out several pieces of detailed information after intensively listening to a text."

Gist listening	topic only · global understanding
Scanning	1~2 specific info · without every word
Listening for detail	several details · intensive

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Q19. Clarifying Strategy ✅ 정답: O

문항: Clarifying is a listening strategy where learners ask questions and give feedback to the speaker in order to enhance understanding, such as saying 'What does _ mean?' or 'You mean _?'

✅ 정답입니다.

"Clarifying: To ask Qs and give feedback to the speaker in order to enhance the understanding. (What does ___ mean? You mean ____?)"

Clarifying: 화자에게 질문·피드백 → 이해 향상. Interactive listening의 핵심. Negotiation of meaning과 연결.

Clarifying	ask Qs + give feedback · interactive
Monitoring	self-check · internal process

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Q20. Pre-teaching Vocabulary ❌ 정답: X

문항: In the pre-listening stage, teachers should pre-teach all unknown words in the text to ensure students are fully prepared before listening.

❌ 오답입니다.

"Pre-teaching critical vocabulary: Facilitates comprehension, lowers the difficulty of the text. Do not pre-teach all the unknown words; teach not only words but also lexical chunks."

✅ Critical vocab only	선별적 지도 · lexical chunks 포함
❌ All unknown words	authenticity 손상 · 과도한 pre-teaching

⚠️ 함정: "All unknown words"를 다 가르치는 것은 오히려 authenticity를 손상시킨다.

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Q21. While-listening — Extensive vs Intensive Phase Order ❌ 정답: X

문항: In the while-listening stage, the extensive listening phase comes after the intensive listening phase — students first listen for specific details, then confirm their general understanding.

❌ 오답입니다. — 순서가 반전되어 있습니다.

"Extensive listening phase: Ss are asked to understand the general idea. Ss confirm their expectations or predictions made in a pre-listening stage. / Intensive listening phase: Before the second play, the T provide Ss with pre-set Qs to make Ss have an authentic purpose."

• 1st: Extensive phase — general idea + predictions 확인
• 2nd: Intensive phase — pre-set Qs + specific info

⚠️ 함정: Extensive 먼저, Intensive 나중. Top-down → bottom-up 흐름.

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Q22. Post-listening — Skill Integration ❌ 정답: X

문항: Skill integration at the post-listening stage means students listen to the text one more time to consolidate their understanding of linguistic forms.

❌ 오답입니다.

"Skill-integration: Post-listening stage can involve integration of other skills with listening. / Reflection: Ss can reflect on what they have learned and make plans for next listening."

Skill integration: 듣기 + speaking/writing/reading 통합. 다시 듣는 것이 아니라 다른 기능과 연결하는 것.

Skill integration	listening + speaking/writing/reading
Reflection	학습 내용 되돌아보기 · next listening 계획

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Q23. Product vs Process Oriented Listening ❌ 정답: X

문항: Product-oriented listening focuses on how the understanding takes place, guiding students to reflect on their listening process and discuss their thoughts and feelings.

❌ 오답입니다. — Process-oriented listening에 대한 설명입니다.

"Product-oriented listening: Focus on what was understood after the fact. Use what Ss comprehended in listening to complete another language activity. / Process-oriented listening: Focus on how the understanding takes place. T guides Ss to go through the listening process and to discuss their thoughts and feelings."

Product-oriented	"Listen to learn" · 결과 활용 · write/speech
Process-oriented	"Learn to listen" · 과정 초점 · metacognition↑

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Q24. Metacognitive Instruction ✅ 정답: O

문항: Metacognitive instruction in listening promotes learners' awareness of their own listening process, encouraging self-regulation through strategies such as planning, monitoring, and evaluating.

✅ 정답입니다.

"Metacognitive instruction: Metacognition includes elements of monitoring comprehension while listening and evaluating the success of comprehension after listening. T should promote the acquisition of metacognitive strategies (planning, monitoring, evaluating)."

Metacognitive instruction: planning · monitoring · evaluating 전략 습득 촉진 → self-regulation↑

Metacognitive strategies	planning · monitoring · evaluating
Cognitive strategies	note-taking · scanning · summarizing

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Q25. Back-channeling ❌ 정답: X

문항: Back-channeling refers to signals that listeners give to speakers to indicate they are attending, and these signals can only be verbal (e.g. 'yeah', 'uh-huh').

❌ 오답입니다. — Non-verbal도 포함됩니다.

"Back-channeling: Signals that listeners give to speakers to let them know that they are attending. It can be either verbal (e.g. yeah, um, ah) or non-verbal (e.g. nodding, shrugging, facial gestures)."

Verbal back-channeling	yeah · um · ah · uh-huh
Non-verbal back-channeling	nodding · shrugging · facial gestures

⚠️ 함정: "verbal만"이라는 선지는 오답. Non-verbal도 포함.

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Q26. Jigsaw Listening ❌ 정답: X

문항: In jigsaw listening, all students listen to the same recording and then share their answers with the class to check comprehension.

❌ 오답입니다.

"Jigsaw listening: Based on information-gap principle / cooperative learning."

Jigsaw listening: 각 그룹이 서로 다른 내용을 듣고 정보를 공유해 전체 그림을 완성. Information-gap principle + cooperative learning 기반.

Jigsaw listening	different recordings per group · info-gap · cooperative
Selective listening	same text · planned purpose · specific info

⚠️ 함정: "모두 같은 내용을 듣는다"는 선지는 오답. Jigsaw = 서로 다른 내용.

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정답 요약

Q	정답	핵심 개념
1	✅ O	Paused listening tasks = content schemata 활성화 + scaffolding
2	❌ X	Roughly-tuned = natural, Finely-tuned = controlled (반전 주의)
3	❌ X	Unnatural slow speed damages authenticity → pauses between phrases
4	❌ X	Grading texts = 텍스트 배열, Staging = 활동 점진화 (반전 주의)
5	✅ O	Interactional = person-oriented, phatic communion
6	❌ X	Bottom-up = linear, parts→whole / Top-down = prior knowledge (반전 주의)
7	❌ X	Beginners = bottom-up, Advanced = top-down (반전 주의)
8	❌ X	Reactive = repeat back / Responsive = appropriate response (반전 주의)
9	❌ X	Selective = longer discourse (shorter가 아님)
10	❌ X	Monitoring = while-listening / Evaluating = post-listening (반전 주의)
11	❌ X	Scanning = specific info / Inferencing = between the lines (반전 주의)
12	❌ X	Signposting = T-provided / Generating = S-created (반전 주의)
13	❌ X	Dictation = imitative / Dictogloss = collaborative (반전 주의)
14	✅ O	Information transfer = aural→visual, deep processing
15	❌ X	Strategy instruction은 beginners 아닌 intermediate부터
16	❌ X	Extensive = top-down / Intensive = bottom-up (반전 주의)
17	✅ O	Predicting = schemata 활성화, pre-listening
18	❌ X	Gist = topic only / Listening for detail = several details (반전 주의)
19	✅ O	Clarifying = ask Qs + give feedback, interactive
20	❌ X	All unknown words pre-teaching 금지 → critical vocab만
21	❌ X	Extensive phase 먼저 → Intensive phase 나중
22	❌ X	Skill integration = 다른 기능과 통합 (다시 듣기가 아님)
23	❌ X	Product = listen to learn / Process = learn to listen (반전 주의)
24	✅ O	Metacognitive instruction = planning + monitoring + evaluating
25	❌ X	Back-channeling = verbal + non-verbal 모두 포함
26	❌ X	Jigsaw = different recordings per group, info-gap principle

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